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Play With Biology

Don't read the diagram. Build it.

Every Class 6 structure — the leaf, the flower, the cell, the tooth, the airway, the heart — turned into a toy you label yourself. Tap a part to learn its job, then place every label from memory. Read the research behind it.

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All 387 Play With Biology lessons

Every lesson in the series, by class. Every lesson is free to play once you sign in.

Class 6

  • Name Every Part of a Leaf — Blade, midrib, veins, margin, tip and stalk — place each label yourself. · The Leaf
  • Roots and Shoots — The Whole Plant — Terminal bud, node, internode, stem and the root system below the soil. · The Leaf
  • Net or Parallel? Sort the Leaves — Reticulate veins mean a dicot; parallel veins mean a monocot. · The Leaf
  • How a Leaf Makes Food — Step through photosynthesis — then turn up the sunlight. · The Leaf
  • The Three Layers of a Fruit — Skin, flesh and stone — the pericarp around the seed. · The Flower
  • The Four Whorls of a Flower — Sepal, petal, stamen and carpel — build the flower from the outside in. · The Flower
  • Water on the Move — Follow water from root to sky — then heat things up. · The Leaf
  • Inside a Bean Seed — Testa, cotyledon, and the tiny embryo — the plumule and radicle. · The Flower
  • Leaves With a Job — Tendrils climb, spines defend, pitchers trap, scales store. · The Leaf
  • How Does the Pollen Travel? — Insects, wind or water — each flower has its own helper. · The Flower
  • Who Discovered the Cell? — Leeuwenhoek, Hooke and the cell theory. · Cell — The Structure And Functions
  • From Pollen to Fruit — Step through fertilization and the making of a fruit. · The Flower
  • One Cell or Many? — Sort living things into unicellular and multicellular. · Cell — The Structure And Functions
  • Waking Up a Seed — Step through germination — then change the warmth. · The Flower
  • Inside a Plant Cell — Wall, membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole and chloroplast — label them all. · Cell — The Structure And Functions
  • Inside an Animal Cell — No wall, no chloroplast — spot what makes an animal cell different. · Cell — The Structure And Functions
  • Match Each Cell to Its Job — Connect each special cell to the work it does. · Cell — The Structure And Functions
  • Which Nutrient Is It? — Sort foods into carbohydrate, protein, fat and vitamins. · Digestive System
  • The Structure of a Tooth — Enamel, dentine, pulp and root — label a tooth in section. · Digestive System
  • The Journey of Food — Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, intestines — plus the liver and pancreas. · Digestive System
  • The Four Kinds of Teeth — Incisors, canines, premolars, molars — and the tongue. · Digestive System
  • Digesting a Bite — Follow food from the mouth into the stomach. · Digestive System
  • Releasing Energy from Food — Step through respiration — then cut the oxygen. · Respiratory System
  • The Path of the Air You Breathe — Nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli and diaphragm. · Respiratory System
  • The Enzyme Assembly Line — Finish digestion in the small intestine. · Digestive System
  • Where the Food Goes — Absorption, use and egestion. · Digestive System
  • Match the Lung Problems — Connect each breathing disease to its description. · Respiratory System
  • Swapping Gases in the Alveoli — Oxygen in, carbon dioxide out. · Respiratory System
  • How You Breathe — Pull the diaphragm and watch the lungs fill. · Respiratory System
  • Label the Four-Chambered Heart — Atria on top, ventricles below, and the great vessels that enter and leave. · The Circulatory System
  • What Is in a Drop of Blood — Red cells, white cells, platelets — floating in plasma. · The Circulatory System
  • Arteries, Veins and Capillaries — Thick walls, valves and single-cell tubes — three vessels compared. · The Circulatory System
  • Kind to Your Heart — Sort each habit as good or bad for your heart. · The Circulatory System
  • Does It Spread? — Sort diseases into communicable and non-communicable. · Disease and Hygiene
  • Match the Deficiency Diseases — Match each disease to the nutrient it lacks. · Disease and Hygiene
  • A Journey Around the Body — Follow a drop of blood through the double loop. · The Circulatory System
  • How Do Germs Travel? — Sort diseases by air, food-and-water, or insects. · Disease and Hygiene
  • The Beat of the Heart — Step through a heartbeat — then start exercising. · The Circulatory System
  • Which Germ Causes It? — Sort diseases by virus, bacteria or protozoan. · Disease and Hygiene
  • Good Habit or Bad? — Sort daily habits into good and poor hygiene. · Disease and Hygiene
  • Clean or Careless? — Sort actions that keep surroundings clean from those that spread disease. · Disease and Hygiene
  • What Would You Do? — Read each situation and choose the healthy thing to do. · Disease and Hygiene
  • Living or Non-Living? — Sort a habitat into its biotic and abiotic parts. · Habitat and Adaptation
  • Why That Feature? — Match each adaptation to what it helps the animal do. · Habitat and Adaptation
  • Built for Water — A Fish — Streamlined body, fins, gills and an air bladder. · Habitat and Adaptation
  • Camel or Cactus? — Sort desert features between the camel and the cactus. · Habitat and Adaptation
  • Mountain Animal or Plant? — Sort cold-mountain features by animal and plant. · Habitat and Adaptation
  • Built for Flight — A Bird — Wings, feathers, a streamlined body and a beak. · Habitat and Adaptation

Class 7

  • Sort the Five Kingdoms — Drop each living thing into its kingdom. · Classification of Plants
  • Nerves or Hormones? — Sort features of nervous and chemical control. · Nervous System
  • What Happens in an Allergy — Watch the body overreact to something harmless. · Allergy
  • Backbone or Not? — Sort animals into invertebrates and vertebrates. · Classification of Animals
  • The Leaf as a Food Factory — Open the stomata, trap the light, make the food. · Photosynthesis and Respiration
  • From Cells to Organisms — Build a body from its smallest unit up. · Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Waste or Keep? — Sort what the body removes and what it keeps. · Excretion in Humans
  • How Did It Get In? — Sort allergens by how they enter the body. · Allergy
  • Inside a Bacterium — Capsule, wall, membrane and a flagellum — Kingdom Monera. · Classification of Plants
  • The Excretory System — Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. · Excretion in Humans
  • What Limits Photosynthesis? — Push one factor up and watch the rate level off. · Photosynthesis and Respiration
  • The Neuron and the Synapse — How one neuron passes its message to the next. · Nervous System
  • Dividing or Mature? — Sort tissues into growing (meristematic) and mature (permanent). · Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Sponge or Stinger? — Sort the simplest animals: Porifera and Cnidaria. · Classification of Animals
  • Match the Allergic Reactions — Connect each reaction to what it does. · Allergy
  • Flat, Round or Segmented? — Sort the three worm phyla. · Classification of Animals
  • From Glucose to Starch — Follow the food a leaf makes to the rest of the plant. · Photosynthesis and Respiration
  • Central or Peripheral? — Sort the nervous system into CNS and PNS. · Nervous System
  • Soft, Bendy or Hard? — Match each simple tissue to the support it gives. · Plant and Animal Tissues
  • How the Nephron Makes Urine — Filter the blood, take back the good stuff, keep the waste. · Excretion in Humans
  • Meet the Amoeba — Pseudopodia, vacuoles and a nucleus — Kingdom Protista. · Classification of Plants
  • Skin, Lungs or Liver? — Sort the accessory excretory jobs. · Excretion in Humans
  • Bread Mould — Hyphae, a stalk and a spore case — Kingdom Fungi. · Classification of Plants
  • Count the Legs — Sort arthropods into their four classes. · Classification of Animals
  • Xylem and Phloem — Water up, food down — the two transport tissues of a plant. · Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Respiration and ATP — Release energy from glucose — then cut the oxygen. · Photosynthesis and Respiration
  • The Three Parts of the Brain — Cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. · Nervous System
  • Some Months or All Year? — Sort allergens into seasonal and perennial. · Allergy
  • Which Lining Is It? — Sort epithelial cells by their shape and job. · Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Soft Body or Spiny? — Sort Mollusca and Echinodermata. · Classification of Animals
  • Skin Test or Blood Test? — Sort the clues for the two allergy tests. · Allergy
  • The Reflex Arc — Pull your hand off a hot object — trace the path. · Nervous System
  • Opposite Processes — Sort features into photosynthesis and respiration. · Photosynthesis and Respiration
  • Algae, Moss or Fern? — Sort simple plants into their groups. · Classification of Plants
  • What Went Wrong? — Match each kidney problem to its clue. · Excretion in Humans
  • Bind, Support or Flow? — Sort connective tissues into supportive, fibrous and fluid. · Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Cone or Flower? — Sort plants into gymnosperms and angiosperms. · Classification of Plants
  • Fish or Amphibian? — Sort the first two vertebrate classes. · Classification of Animals
  • Scales or Feathers? — Sort reptiles and birds. · Classification of Animals
  • One Seed Leaf or Two? — Sort features into monocot and dicot. · Classification of Plants
  • The Nerve Cell — Dendrites, cell body, axon — how a neuron carries a message. · Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Is It a Mammal? — Sort animals as mammal or not. · Classification of Animals

Class 8

  • The Neuron — How a nerve cell carries a message. · Nervous System
  • Split, Bud or Regrow — Match each animal to how it reproduces asexually. · Reproduction in Humans
  • The Three Body Fluids — Match each fluid to what it does. · The Circulatory System
  • Helpful Bacteria — Match each bacterium to what it does for us. · Food Production
  • Xylem vs Phloem — Compare the two transport tissues. · Transport in Plants
  • Four Ways Without Seeds — Sort asexual reproduction by its method. · Reproduction in Plants
  • Producer, Consumer or Decomposer? — Sort living things by their role. · Ecosystems
  • Duct or Blood? — Compare exocrine and endocrine glands. · Endocrine System and Adolescence
  • Does It Spread? — Compare communicable and non-communicable diseases. · Diseases and First Aid
  • The Heart and Its Pacemaker — Chambers, valves and the great vessels. · The Circulatory System
  • How Do They Spread? — Sort diseases by air, water or insect. · Diseases and First Aid
  • Fungi at Work — Match each fungus to its use. · Food Production
  • Three Ways In — Match each type of movement to its meaning. · Transport in Plants
  • Sensory, Motor or Mixed? — Sort nerves by the direction they carry messages. · Nervous System
  • New Plants from a Part — Match each plant to the part it grows from. · Reproduction in Plants
  • The Non-Living Factors — Match each abiotic factor to its role. · Ecosystems
  • The Female Reproductive System — Ovary, oviduct, uterus and vagina. · Reproduction in Humans
  • Thyroid Troubles — Match each thyroid disorder to its cause. · Endocrine System and Adolescence
  • Follow a Food Chain — Who eats whom, from grass to eagle. · Ecosystems
  • Gardeners Make Plants — Match each method to what it does. · Reproduction in Plants
  • Kharif or Rabi? — Compare the two cropping seasons. · Food Production
  • Fight or Flight — Adrenaline readies the body in a flash. · Endocrine System and Adolescence
  • What Causes It? — Match each disease to its cause. · Diseases and First Aid
  • The Male Reproductive System — Testis, sperm duct, prostate and urethra. · Reproduction in Humans
  • Arteries, Veins and Capillaries — Compare the three kinds of blood vessel. · The Circulatory System
  • The Three Parts of the Brain — Cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. · Nervous System
  • How Sap Climbs — Root pressure pushes, transpiration pulls. · Transport in Plants
  • Organic or Green Revolution? — Compare the two ways of farming. · Food Production
  • The Flower and Its Four Whorls — Sepal, petal, stamen and carpel — the reproductive parts. · Reproduction in Plants
  • The Pyramid of Energy — Producers at the base, top carnivores at the apex. · Ecosystems
  • Central or Peripheral? — Compare the CNS and the PNS. · Nervous System
  • Water Loss and Its Pull — Escape at the stomata creates the suction. · Transport in Plants
  • Fertilisation and Implantation — Sperm meets egg, then the embryo embeds. · Reproduction in Humans
  • Balancing Blood Sugar — Insulin and glucagon keep sugar steady. · Endocrine System and Adolescence
  • Double Circulation — Blood passes through the heart twice. · The Circulatory System
  • How a Vaccine Works — Teach the body to fight before it is attacked. · Diseases and First Aid
  • Self or Cross? — Compare self and cross pollination. · Reproduction in Plants
  • First Aid: Injuries — Choose the right first-aid action. · Diseases and First Aid
  • Growth and Birth — From embryo to a newborn baby. · Reproduction in Humans
  • Together, Feeding or Hunting? — Sort each relationship between living things. · Ecosystems
  • The Lymphatic System — Match each part to its role. · The Circulatory System
  • The Master Gland — Match each pituitary hormone to what it controls. · Endocrine System and Adolescence
  • The Reflex Arc — A message that skips the brain. · Nervous System
  • Faster or Slower? — Which conditions speed up water loss? · Transport in Plants
  • Animal Husbandry — Match each term to its meaning. · Food Production
  • Changes at Puberty — Sort each change: boys, girls or both. · Endocrine System and Adolescence
  • The ABO Blood Groups — Match each blood group to its special role. · The Circulatory System
  • From Pollen to Fruit — Follow fertilisation to seed and fruit. · Reproduction in Plants
  • Farming for Food — Match each kind of farming to what it raises. · Food Production
  • First Aid: Emergencies — Choose the right action in an emergency. · Diseases and First Aid
  • Indias Sanctuaries — Match each sanctuary to its famous animal. · Ecosystems
  • What Each Mineral Does — Match each mineral to its job in the plant. · Transport in Plants
  • Born With It or Learned? — Compare natural and conditioned reflexes. · Nervous System
  • What Harm Does It Do? — Match each harmful habit to its damage. · Diseases and First Aid
  • Silk from a Silkworm — Egg to cocoon to silk thread. · Food Production
  • Growing Up Well — Choose the healthy way to handle each situation. · Endocrine System and Adolescence
  • Kind to Your Heart — Compare habits that help or harm the heart. · The Circulatory System
  • Handling Stress — Pick the healthy way to cope. · Endocrine System and Adolescence

Class 9

  • The Alimentary Canal — The whole path of food, with its glands. · Digestive System
  • Bacteria Under the Microscope — Structure of a bacterial cell. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Aerobic Respiration — Glucose broken down to release ATP. · Respiration in Plants
  • Personal Hygiene — Every habit has a reason behind it. · Hygiene — [A Key to Healthy Life]
  • Fruit, Seed and Grain — Three words people use loosely. · Seeds — Structure and Germination
  • Self-Pollination vs Cross-Pollination — The same act, two very different consequences. · Pollination and Fertilization
  • Why the Skin Is Called a Jack of All Trades — One organ, many jobs. · Skin — "The Jack of All Trades"
  • Where Waste Comes From — Sorting waste by its source. · Waste Generation and Management
  • How Biology Grew — The people who built the subject. · Introducing Biology
  • Breathing and Respiration — Two words people use interchangeably, wrongly. · The Respiratory System
  • Discovering the Cell — How we found out life is made of cells. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • The Four Whorls — A bisexual flower and its whorls. · The Flower
  • Health Problems in India — What causes what. · Health Organisations
  • Classifying Diseases by Occurrence — Sporadic, endemic, epidemic, pandemic. · Diseases : Cause and Control
  • Why We Need Food — Three jobs, done by different nutrients. · Nutrition
  • Enzymes and Their Properties — The rules every enzyme obeys. · Digestive System
  • What the Skeleton Does — Five jobs, not just one. · Skeleton — Movement and Locomotion
  • From Cells to Organisms — The levels of organisation. · Tissues : Plant and Animal Tissues
  • The Body's Local Defences — The barriers a germ meets before immunity is needed. · Aids to Health
  • What Makes a Species — The unit everything else is built from. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • The Kinds of Immunity — Inborn or acquired, natural or artificial. · Aids to Health
  • Types of Teeth — Incisors, canines, premolars and molars. · Digestive System
  • The Layers of Skin — Epidermis, dermis and the fat below. · Skin — "The Jack of All Trades"
  • The Branches of Biology — Who studies what. · Introducing Biology
  • Complete, Incomplete, Essential — Which whorls a flower can do without. · The Flower
  • Meristematic Tissue — Where a plant actually grows. · Tissues : Plant and Animal Tissues
  • How Self-Pollination Is Ensured — Flowers that never open, and flowers that hurry. · Pollination and Fertilization
  • Climbing the Taxonomic Ladder — Seven ranks, from broadest to narrowest. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Carbohydrates and Roughage — Sugars, starch, and the one we cannot digest. · Nutrition
  • The Housefly as a Carrier — How a fly moves disease from filth to food. · Hygiene — [A Key to Healthy Life]
  • Respiration Is Not Burning — Same equation, completely different process. · Respiration in Plants
  • Bone and Cartilage — What the skeleton is made of. · Skeleton — Movement and Locomotion
  • Aerobic and Anaerobic in Humans — Why your muscles ache the next day. · The Respiratory System
  • Communicable and Non-Communicable — Which diseases can pass to another person. · Diseases : Cause and Control
  • Local and National Health Bodies — Who does what, at which level. · Health Organisations
  • The Cell Theory — What it claims — and what it does not. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • Classifying Seeds — Where the food is stored, and how many seed leaves. · Seeds — Structure and Germination
  • How Bacteria Feed — Four ways of getting a living. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Mosquitoes and Their Diseases — Which mosquito carries what. · Hygiene — [A Key to Healthy Life]
  • How Gases Move In and Out — Plants have no lungs — they use diffusion. · Respiration in Plants
  • How Many Cells, How Small — The range of sizes life works at. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • The Axial Skeleton — Skull, backbone, ribs and sternum. · Skeleton — Movement and Locomotion
  • The Respiratory Organs — From the nose to the alveoli. · The Respiratory System
  • The Red Cross — Neutral help, wherever it is needed. · Health Organisations
  • Applied Biology — Where the subject touches daily life. · Introducing Biology
  • Permanent Plant Tissues — Packing, flexible support, and rigid strength. · Tissues : Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Sexuality in Flowers — Bisexual, staminate, pistillate. · The Flower
  • How Nature Forces Cross-Pollination — Devices that stop a flower fertilising itself. · Pollination and Fertilization
  • Mouth, Saliva and Swallowing — Where digestion actually begins. · Digestive System
  • Why Two Kingdoms Failed — The organisms that would not fit. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Fats and Proteins — Two very different roles. · Nutrition
  • Antibiotics — Medicine made by microbes, to kill microbes. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • e-Waste — The waste hidden inside our devices. · Waste Generation and Management
  • Anatomy of a Bean Seed — A dicot seed in detail. · Seeds — Structure and Germination
  • Antibodies — Specific, and made to fit. · Aids to Health
  • Preventing Communicable Disease — The route in decides the way out. · Diseases : Cause and Control
  • The World Health Organisation — Health across borders. · Health Organisations
  • Vaccines, Serums and Toxoids — Two ways to be protected. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Anatomy of a Maize Grain — A monocot grain in section. · Seeds — Structure and Germination
  • Hair and Nails — Dead structures made of keratin. · Skin — "The Jack of All Trades"
  • Mechanics of Breathing — Air does not get sucked in — pressure pushes it. · The Respiratory System
  • Calyx and Corolla — Protection and attraction. · The Flower
  • The Malaria Cycle — Why controlling the mosquito controls the disease. · Diseases : Cause and Control
  • Vaccination and Immunisation — How a vaccine trains the body in advance. · Aids to Health
  • The Stomach — Gastric juice and protein digestion. · Digestive System
  • Why Cells Stay Small — Grow the cell and watch its surface fall behind. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • Anaerobic Respiration — Breaking down glucose without oxygen. · Respiration in Plants
  • Cockroaches and Rats — Household pests and their control. · Hygiene — [A Key to Healthy Life]
  • Conducting Tissues — Xylem and phloem in a stem section. · Tissues : Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Kwashiorkor and Marasmus — Two faces of protein-energy malnutrition. · Nutrition
  • Segregation and Composting — Sorting waste at the point it is made. · Waste Generation and Management
  • The Appendicular Skeleton — Limb bones and the two girdles. · Skeleton — Movement and Locomotion
  • Monera and Protista — Life without, and with, a true nucleus. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Agents of Pollination — Read the flower and name its courier. · Pollination and Fertilization
  • Why Biology Matters — A problem, and the biology that answers it. · Introducing Biology
  • Bile and Pancreatic Juice — Three juices meet in the duodenum. · Digestive System
  • Treating Sewage — What happens between the drain and the river. · Waste Generation and Management
  • Proving Respiration Happens — What each classic experiment actually shows. · Respiration in Plants
  • Vitamins, Minerals and Deficiency — What goes wrong when a little is missing. · Nutrition
  • Lung Volumes and Capacities — How much air actually moves. · The Respiratory System
  • How Drinking Water Gets Contaminated — Judging whether water is safe. · Hygiene — [A Key to Healthy Life]
  • Helminthic Diseases — The worms, and how they get in. · Diseases : Cause and Control
  • Stamen and Carpel — Inside the androecium and gynoecium. · The Flower
  • Cell Shape Follows Function — Why a nerve cell is not shaped like a red blood cell. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • Antitoxins and Antiserum — Borrowed protection. · Aids to Health
  • Epithelial Tissue — Covering and lining the body. · Tissues : Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Kingdom Fungi — Absorbers, not producers. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Inside a Synovial Joint — Cartilage, fluid and ligaments. · Skeleton — Movement and Locomotion
  • Hair, Glands and Nerves — The structures set in the skin. · Skin — "The Jack of All Trades"
  • From Pollen Grain to Zygote — Double fertilisation, step by step. · Pollination and Fertilization
  • What Triggers Germination — Water, air and the right warmth. · Seeds — Structure and Germination
  • Bacteria and the Nitrogen Cycle — Air is 78% nitrogen — and plants cannot use any of it. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Respiration and Photosynthesis — Opposite processes, but not simply reverse. · Respiration in Plants
  • Bacteria as Nature's Recyclers — What happens to everything that dies. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Water-Borne Diseases — Cholera, dysentery and hepatitis. · Hygiene — [A Key to Healthy Life]
  • Membrane and Wall — Two different boundaries of a cell. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • After Fertilisation — What each part of the flower becomes. · Pollination and Fertilization
  • Antiseptics and Disinfectants — Both kill germs — but not in the same place. · Aids to Health
  • Keeping Body Temperature Steady — Vasodilation, vasoconstriction and sweat. · Skin — "The Jack of All Trades"
  • Viral Diseases — What a virus does, and how each one spreads. · Diseases : Cause and Control
  • Cleaning Industrial Emissions — Incinerators, scrubbers and precipitators. · Waste Generation and Management
  • Connective Tissue — Binding, supporting and transporting. · Tissues : Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Fusion in the Androecium — Naming how stamens join. · The Flower
  • Muscles and Levers — Muscles can only pull — so they work in pairs. · Skeleton — Movement and Locomotion
  • Water and the Balanced Diet — Judging a real day's eating. · Nutrition
  • The Five Divisions of Plantae — From algae to flowering plants. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Gas Transport and Exchange — From alveolus to tissue and back. · The Respiratory System
  • Hypogeal vs Epigeal — Do the cotyledons come up, or stay down? · Seeds — Structure and Germination
  • Muscle Tissue — Three ways the body moves. · Tissues : Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Plants vs Animals — The differences that actually define them. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Bacteria in Industry — Microbes on the payroll. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • When Breathing Fails — Hypoxia, asphyxiation and altitude. · The Respiratory System
  • Inflorescence and Placentation — How flowers are arranged, and how ovules are attached. · The Flower
  • The Working Organelles — ER, ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi and lysosomes. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • Antibiotics and Sulpha Drugs — Using them properly. · Aids to Health
  • Every Enzyme and Its Job — Where each one acts, and on what. · Digestive System
  • Naming Organisms Scientifically — The rules of binomial nomenclature. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Spoilage and Preservation — Every method attacks one of the microbe's needs. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Plant Only, Animal Only, Both — Sorting the organelles. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • Nervous Tissue — The neuron and how an impulse travels. · Tissues : Plant and Animal Tissues
  • Inside a Villus — How absorbed food enters the blood and lymph. · Digestive System
  • The Large Intestine and Assimilation — What happens to what is left. · Digestive System
  • Bacterial Diseases — The germ, and the illness it causes. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • The Nine Animal Phyla — One defining feature each. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • The Nucleus — Control centre and carrier of heredity. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • Porifera and Cnidaria — The two simplest animal phyla. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Testing Foods — Four tests, four colour changes. · Digestive System
  • Plant Cell vs Animal Cell — The full comparison. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • Rhizopus, the Bread Mould — Hyphae, sporangiophore and sporangium. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Yeast, a Budding Fungus — A single-celled fungus that ferments. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Comparing the Worm Phyla — Flat, round, and segmented. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic — The deepest division in all of life. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • Symmetry and Direction — The vocabulary for describing a body. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Useful and Harmful Fungi — The same kingdom, both ways. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Life Activities Are Cellular — Every body process traces back to a cell. · Cell : The Unit of Life
  • Fermentation — How yeast turns sugar into alcohol. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Phylum Arthropoda — The four classes of the largest phylum. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Fungi in Baking and Cheese — Where the holes and the flavour come from. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Mollusca and Echinodermata — Soft bodies and spiny skins. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • Growing Mushrooms — A crop that needs no light at all. · Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
  • Phylum Chordata — What every chordate has, at some point. · Five Kingdom Classification
  • The Five Vertebrate Classes — Skin, breathing, eggs and blood. · Five Kingdom Classification

Class 10

  • Heredity, Variation and Family Charts — Read a pedigree by ruling patterns out. · Genetics — Some Basic Fundamentals
  • Biodegradable vs Non-Biodegradable Waste, and Air Pollution — What microorganisms can break down, and what comes out of an exhaust or a chimney · Pollution — A Rising Environmental Problem
  • Why Roots Absorb Water — How water crosses the root, from the hair to the xylem. · Absorption by Roots — The Processes Involved
  • Reproduction Patterns and Secondary Sexual Characters — One parent or two, and the clues you can see from outside · The Reproductive System
  • Why We Need Transport — Blood, Tissue Fluid and Lymph — Three fluids, one delivery network. · The Circulatory System
  • Chlorophyll and the Chloroplast — Where the two reactions actually happen. · Photosynthesis
  • Hormones vs Nerves — Two coordinating systems, seven clean differences · The Endocrine System
  • Neuron Structure and the Nerve Impulse — Label the cell that carries the message. · The Nervous System
  • Excretion and the Excretory Organs — Which organ throws out which waste. · The Excretory System
  • The Cell as the Basic Unit — A fast revision of what a cell is. · Cell — The Structural and Functional Unit of Life [For Revision Only]
  • Demonstrating Transpiration — The bell jar, and why there are three of them. · Transpiration
  • Auxins and Gibberellins — Two hormones with a lot of jobs. · Chemical Coordination in Plants
  • Receptors and the Eye's Protective Structures — Photoreceptors, phonoreceptors and the shield around the eyeball · Sense Organs
  • Chromosomes and Chromatin — The same material, in two states. · Structure of Chromosomes, Cell Cycle and Cell Division
  • Lamarck's Theory and Vestigial Organs — Two explanations of evolution, side by side · Human Evolution
  • How World Population Grew Through History — From one million cave dwellers to eight billion people — and the two big question marks · Population — The Increasing Numbers and Rising Problems
  • India's Population Growth and Its Causes — The census figures decade by decade, and the seven reasons behind them · Population — The Increasing Numbers and Rising Problems
  • Sex Determination — Why it is the father who decides. · Genetics — Some Basic Fundamentals
  • Darwin and Natural Selection — The peppered moth, generation by generation. · Human Evolution
  • The Three Essential Parts — Every cell has these, whatever else it has. · Cell — The Structural and Functional Unit of Life [For Revision Only]
  • The DNA Double Helix — A twisted ladder, and what each rung is. · Structure of Chromosomes, Cell Cycle and Cell Division
  • Imbibition and Diffusion — The simplest movement of all. · Absorption by Roots — The Processes Involved
  • How Stomata Open and Close — The potassium ion theory. · Photosynthesis
  • Blood Composition and Its Two Big Jobs — Transport and protection, in one fluid. · The Circulatory System
  • Synapses, Neuron Types and Nerve Types — One cell, one gap, one bundle. · The Nervous System
  • The Male Reproductive System — Where sperms are made and the road they travel · The Reproductive System
  • The Eyeball's Three Layers and the Retina — Sclerotic, choroid and retina — with the yellow spot and the blind spot · Sense Organs
  • Adrenal Gland — the Emergency Hormone — Fight or flight, body part by body part · The Endocrine System
  • Kidney and Nephron Structure — Label the tubule that makes urine. · The Excretory System
  • Cytokinins, Ethylene and Abscisic Acid — A divider, a ripener and a brake. · Chemical Coordination in Plants
  • Water Pollution and Soil Pollution — Five sources each — and one of them travels while the other stays put · Pollution — A Rising Environmental Problem
  • Stomatal, Cuticular and Lenticular — Three routes out, very unequal in size. · Transpiration
  • Radiation Pollution and Noise Pollution — X-rays, reactors and isotopes — and the pollutant that leaves no residue at all · Pollution — A Rising Environmental Problem
  • What Changed as Apes Became Humans — Seven trends running across Table 14.2 · Human Evolution
  • Pancreas — Insulin and Glucagon — Blood sugar rising and falling, and the two cells that fix it · The Endocrine System
  • Genes, Alleles, Genotype, Phenotype — The vocabulary every genetics question assumes. · Genetics — Some Basic Fundamentals
  • Organelles and Their Functions — Rapid recall of who does what. · Cell — The Structural and Functional Unit of Life [For Revision Only]
  • Population Pressure on Natural Resources — Food, water, land, forests, energy and minerals, all pulled in one direction · Population — The Increasing Numbers and Rising Problems
  • Lens Accommodation and Light/Dark Adaptation — Two different adjustments students are always asked to tell apart · Sense Organs
  • The Female Reproductive System — Where the egg is made, met and settled · The Reproductive System
  • What Speeds Transpiration Up — Six factors, and the direction each one pushes. · Transpiration
  • The Brain — Three parts, three very different jobs. · The Nervous System
  • Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure — The thistle funnel, and the control beside it. · Absorption by Roots — The Processes Involved
  • Blood Supply to the Nephron — Wide in, narrow out, pressure builds. · The Excretory System
  • Red Blood Cells — Built for Oxygen Transport — Deficient, but more efficient. · The Circulatory System
  • Phototropism and Geotropism — The clinostat, and what it proves. · Chemical Coordination in Plants
  • The Light-Dependent Reaction — Splitting water, and where the oxygen comes from. · Photosynthesis
  • Inside a Chromosome — Chromatid, centromere, arms and genes. · Structure of Chromosomes, Cell Cycle and Cell Division
  • How Urine Is Made — Three steps, in the right order. · The Excretory System
  • Measuring Population — Key Demographic Terms — Demography, density, natality, mortality and growth rate, with the book's own figures · Population — The Increasing Numbers and Rising Problems
  • Thyroid Gland — Thyroxine and Its Disorders — One hormone, four disorders, and the iodine behind them all · The Endocrine System
  • Spinal Cord and the Peripheral Nervous System — Centre or wiring? Sort them out. · The Nervous System
  • Common Eye Defects and Their Correction — Diagnose the patient, then choose the right lens · Sense Organs
  • Plant Cell vs Animal Cell — What you would actually see down the microscope. · Cell — The Structural and Functional Unit of Life [For Revision Only]
  • White Blood Cells — the Body's Defenders — Granular on one side, non-granular on the other. · The Circulatory System
  • Why Cells Divide — The Cell Cycle — And why interphase is not a rest. · Structure of Chromosomes, Cell Cycle and Cell Division
  • Acid Rain, the Greenhouse Effect and Ozone Depletion — Three different problems, three different sets of gases — never confuse them again · Pollution — A Rising Environmental Problem
  • Measuring It — The Potometer — What the bubble actually tells you. · Transpiration
  • Hydrotropism and Thigmotropism — Roots that climb upward for water. · Chemical Coordination in Plants
  • The Light-Independent Reaction — Building the sugar, in the dark — sort of. · Photosynthesis
  • Colour Blindness and Haemophilia — Sex-linked inheritance, worked out square by square. · Genetics — Some Basic Fundamentals
  • The Stages of Human Ancestry — Put our ancestors in order, and watch the skull grow. · Human Evolution
  • The Menstrual Cycle — Four phases across twenty-eight days. · The Reproductive System
  • Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport — Three ways in, and only one costs energy. · Absorption by Roots — The Processes Involved
  • Controlling Population Growth — Contraception — Sorting every method in the syllabus into its correct category · Population — The Increasing Numbers and Rising Problems
  • Pituitary — the Master Gland — A pea-sized gland that gives orders to the others · The Endocrine System
  • The Reflex Arc — Build the path, then fire it. · The Nervous System
  • Adaptations, Guttation and Bleeding — Cutting losses, and three things easily confused. · Transpiration
  • The Nucleus Controls the Cell — And carries what is passed on. · Cell — The Structural and Functional Unit of Life [For Revision Only]
  • Ear Structure and How We Hear — From the pinna to the organ of Corti, in order · Sense Organs
  • The Monohybrid Cross — One pair of contrasting characters, and the 3:1 that follows. · Genetics — Some Basic Fundamentals
  • Urine Composition and Osmoregulation — Follow the ADH loop on a hot day. · The Excretory System
  • Mitosis — Build the cycle, and watch the chromosome number. · Structure of Chromosomes, Cell Cycle and Cell Division
  • Turgidity, Flaccidity and Plasmolysis — Put a cell in salt water and watch it shrink. · Absorption by Roots — The Processes Involved
  • How Blood Clots — The cascade, in order. · The Circulatory System
  • The Rate of Photosynthesis — Raise the light. Then find out why it stops mattering. · Photosynthesis
  • Controlling Pollution — CNG, effluent treatment, compost, recycling and the Bharat Stage norms, applied to real situations · Pollution — A Rising Environmental Problem
  • Chemotropism — Growth guided by a chemical. · Chemical Coordination in Plants
  • Fertilisation — Four hundred million start, exactly one finishes · The Reproductive System
  • Feedback Control of Hormone Levels — Too much, slow down; too little, speed up · The Endocrine System
  • Blood Groups and Safe Transfusion — Who can give to whom, and why. · The Circulatory System
  • Proving What Photosynthesis Needs — Four experiments, and the control that makes each one work. · Photosynthesis
  • The Dihybrid Cross — Two characters at once, and the 9:3:3:1. · Genetics — Some Basic Fundamentals
  • Implantation, Pregnancy and Amniotic Fluid — From one cell to a foetus in a bag of fluid · The Reproductive System
  • Natural vs Conditioned Reflexes — Born with it, or learned it? · The Nervous System
  • Root Pressure and Guttation — Proof that the root itself pushes. · Absorption by Roots — The Processes Involved
  • How the Ear Keeps Us Balanced — Semicircular canals, ampulla, utriculus and sacculus · Sense Organs
  • Meiosis and Crossing Over — Two divisions, four cells, endless variation. · Structure of Chromosomes, Cell Cycle and Cell Division
  • Ascent of Sap — Four forces lifting water fifty metres. · Absorption by Roots — The Processes Involved
  • Mutation — A sudden, inheritable change. · Genetics — Some Basic Fundamentals
  • Heart Structure — Chambers, Valves and Major Vessels — Four chambers, four valves, five great vessels. · The Circulatory System
  • The Placenta — the Embryo's Lifeline — Two bloodstreams that come close but never mix · The Reproductive System
  • Why Photosynthesis Matters — Every food chain, and the carbon cycle. · Photosynthesis
  • The Cardiac Cycle — One heartbeat, step by step. · The Circulatory System
  • Parturition and Twins — One egg or two? The whole difference is right there · The Reproductive System
  • Blood Vessels and Double Circulation — Structure follows function, in three kinds of tube. · The Circulatory System
  • Lymph, Tissue Fluid and the Lymphatic Organs — The body's second drainage network. · The Circulatory System
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